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Editing: arena_impl.h
// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format // Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved. // https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/ // // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are // met: // // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the // distribution. // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from // this software without specific prior written permission. // // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. // This file defines an Arena allocator for better allocation performance. #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_IMPL_H__ #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_IMPL_H__ #include <atomic> #include <limits> #include <typeinfo> #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h> #include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h> #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER #include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h> #endif // ADDRESS_SANITIZER #include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc> namespace google { namespace protobuf { namespace internal { inline constexpr size_t AlignUpTo8(size_t n) { // Align n to next multiple of 8 (from Hacker's Delight, Chapter 3.) return (n + 7) & static_cast<size_t>(-8); } using LifecycleIdAtomic = uint64_t; // MetricsCollector collects stats for a particular arena. class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ArenaMetricsCollector { public: ArenaMetricsCollector(bool record_allocs) : record_allocs_(record_allocs) {} // Invoked when the arena is about to be destroyed. This method will // typically finalize any metric collection and delete the collector. // space_allocated is the space used by the arena. virtual void OnDestroy(uint64 space_allocated) = 0; // OnReset() is called when the associated arena is reset. // space_allocated is the space used by the arena just before the reset. virtual void OnReset(uint64 space_allocated) = 0; // OnAlloc is called when an allocation happens. // type_info is promised to be static - its lifetime extends to // match program's lifetime (It is given by typeid operator). // Note: typeid(void) will be passed as allocated_type every time we // intentionally want to avoid monitoring an allocation. (i.e. internal // allocations for managing the arena) virtual void OnAlloc(const std::type_info* allocated_type, uint64 alloc_size) = 0; // Does OnAlloc() need to be called? If false, metric collection overhead // will be reduced since we will not do extra work per allocation. bool RecordAllocs() { return record_allocs_; } protected: // This class is destructed by the call to OnDestroy(). ~ArenaMetricsCollector() = default; const bool record_allocs_; }; struct AllocationPolicy { static constexpr size_t kDefaultStartBlockSize = 256; static constexpr size_t kDefaultMaxBlockSize = 8192; size_t start_block_size = kDefaultStartBlockSize; size_t max_block_size = kDefaultMaxBlockSize; void* (*block_alloc)(size_t) = nullptr; void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t) = nullptr; ArenaMetricsCollector* metrics_collector = nullptr; bool IsDefault() const { return start_block_size == kDefaultMaxBlockSize && max_block_size == kDefaultMaxBlockSize && block_alloc == nullptr && block_dealloc == nullptr && metrics_collector == nullptr; } }; // A simple arena allocator. Calls to allocate functions must be properly // serialized by the caller, hence this class cannot be used as a general // purpose allocator in a multi-threaded program. It serves as a building block // for ThreadSafeArena, which provides a thread-safe arena allocator. // // This class manages // 1) Arena bump allocation + owning memory blocks. // 2) Maintaining a cleanup list. // It delagetes the actual memory allocation back to ThreadSafeArena, which // contains the information on block growth policy and backing memory allocation // used. class PROTOBUF_EXPORT SerialArena { public: struct Memory { void* ptr; size_t size; }; // Node contains the ptr of the object to be cleaned up and the associated // cleanup function ptr. struct CleanupNode { void* elem; // Pointer to the object to be cleaned up. void (*cleanup)(void*); // Function pointer to the destructor or deleter. }; // Creates a new SerialArena inside mem using the remaining memory as for // future allocations. static SerialArena* New(SerialArena::Memory mem, void* owner); // Free SerialArena returning the memory passed in to New template <typename Deallocator> Memory Free(Deallocator deallocator); void CleanupList(); uint64 SpaceAllocated() const { return space_allocated_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); } uint64 SpaceUsed() const; bool HasSpace(size_t n) { return n <= static_cast<size_t>(limit_ - ptr_); } void* AllocateAligned(size_t n, const AllocationPolicy* policy) { GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(internal::AlignUpTo8(n), n); // Must be already aligned. GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(limit_, ptr_); if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!HasSpace(n))) { return AllocateAlignedFallback(n, policy); } void* ret = ptr_; ptr_ += n; #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(ret, n); #endif // ADDRESS_SANITIZER return ret; } // Allocate space if the current region provides enough space. bool MaybeAllocateAligned(size_t n, void** out) { GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(internal::AlignUpTo8(n), n); // Must be already aligned. GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(limit_, ptr_); if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!HasSpace(n))) return false; void* ret = ptr_; ptr_ += n; #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(ret, n); #endif // ADDRESS_SANITIZER *out = ret; return true; } std::pair<void*, CleanupNode*> AllocateAlignedWithCleanup( size_t n, const AllocationPolicy* policy) { if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(!HasSpace(n + kCleanupSize))) { return AllocateAlignedWithCleanupFallback(n, policy); } void* ret = ptr_; ptr_ += n; limit_ -= kCleanupSize; #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(ret, n); ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(limit_, kCleanupSize); #endif // ADDRESS_SANITIZER return CreatePair(ret, reinterpret_cast<CleanupNode*>(limit_)); } void AddCleanup(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*), const AllocationPolicy* policy) { auto res = AllocateAlignedWithCleanup(0, policy); res.second->elem = elem; res.second->cleanup = cleanup; } void* owner() const { return owner_; } SerialArena* next() const { return next_; } void set_next(SerialArena* next) { next_ = next; } private: // Blocks are variable length malloc-ed objects. The following structure // describes the common header for all blocks. struct Block { char* Pointer(size_t n) { GOOGLE_DCHECK(n <= size); return reinterpret_cast<char*>(this) + n; } Block* next; size_t size; CleanupNode* start; // data follows }; void* owner_; // &ThreadCache of this thread; Block* head_; // Head of linked list of blocks. SerialArena* next_; // Next SerialArena in this linked list. size_t space_used_ = 0; // Necessary for metrics. std::atomic<size_t> space_allocated_; // Next pointer to allocate from. Always 8-byte aligned. Points inside // head_ (and head_->pos will always be non-canonical). We keep these // here to reduce indirection. char* ptr_; char* limit_; // Constructor is private as only New() should be used. inline SerialArena(Block* b, void* owner); void* AllocateAlignedFallback(size_t n, const AllocationPolicy* policy); std::pair<void*, CleanupNode*> AllocateAlignedWithCleanupFallback( size_t n, const AllocationPolicy* policy); void AllocateNewBlock(size_t n, const AllocationPolicy* policy); std::pair<void*, CleanupNode*> CreatePair(void* ptr, CleanupNode* node) { return {ptr, node}; } public: static constexpr size_t kBlockHeaderSize = AlignUpTo8(sizeof(Block)); static constexpr size_t kCleanupSize = AlignUpTo8(sizeof(CleanupNode)); }; // This class provides the core Arena memory allocation library. Different // implementations only need to implement the public interface below. // Arena is not a template type as that would only be useful if all protos // in turn would be templates, which will/cannot happen. However separating // the memory allocation part from the cruft of the API users expect we can // use #ifdef the select the best implementation based on hardware / OS. class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ThreadSafeArena { public: ThreadSafeArena() { Init(false); } ThreadSafeArena(char* mem, size_t size) { InitializeFrom(mem, size); } explicit ThreadSafeArena(void* mem, size_t size, const AllocationPolicy& policy) { if (policy.IsDefault()) { // Legacy code doesn't use the API above, but provides the initial block // through ArenaOptions. I suspect most do not touch the allocation // policy parameters. InitializeFrom(mem, size); } else { auto collector = policy.metrics_collector; bool record_allocs = collector && collector->RecordAllocs(); InitializeWithPolicy(mem, size, record_allocs, policy); } } // Destructor deletes all owned heap allocated objects, and destructs objects // that have non-trivial destructors, except for proto2 message objects whose // destructors can be skipped. Also, frees all blocks except the initial block // if it was passed in. ~ThreadSafeArena(); uint64 Reset(); uint64 SpaceAllocated() const; uint64 SpaceUsed() const; void* AllocateAligned(size_t n, const std::type_info* type) { SerialArena* arena; if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFast(tag_and_id_, &arena))) { return arena->AllocateAligned(n, AllocPolicy()); } else { return AllocateAlignedFallback(n, type); } } // This function allocates n bytes if the common happy case is true and // returns true. Otherwise does nothing and returns false. This strange // semantics is necessary to allow callers to program functions that only // have fallback function calls in tail position. This substantially improves // code for the happy path. PROTOBUF_NDEBUG_INLINE bool MaybeAllocateAligned(size_t n, void** out) { SerialArena* a; if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(GetSerialArenaFromThreadCache(tag_and_id_, &a))) { return a->MaybeAllocateAligned(n, out); } return false; } std::pair<void*, SerialArena::CleanupNode*> AllocateAlignedWithCleanup( size_t n, const std::type_info* type); // Add object pointer and cleanup function pointer to the list. void AddCleanup(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*)); private: // Unique for each arena. Changes on Reset(). uint64 tag_and_id_; // The LSB of tag_and_id_ indicates if allocs in this arena are recorded. enum { kRecordAllocs = 1 }; intptr_t alloc_policy_ = 0; // Tagged pointer to AllocPolicy. // The LSB of alloc_policy_ indicates if the user owns the initial block. enum { kUserOwnedInitialBlock = 1 }; // Pointer to a linked list of SerialArena. std::atomic<SerialArena*> threads_; std::atomic<SerialArena*> hint_; // Fast thread-local block access const AllocationPolicy* AllocPolicy() const { return reinterpret_cast<const AllocationPolicy*>(alloc_policy_ & -8); } void InitializeFrom(void* mem, size_t size); void InitializeWithPolicy(void* mem, size_t size, bool record_allocs, AllocationPolicy policy); void* AllocateAlignedFallback(size_t n, const std::type_info* type); std::pair<void*, SerialArena::CleanupNode*> AllocateAlignedWithCleanupFallback(size_t n, const std::type_info* type); void AddCleanupFallback(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*)); void Init(bool record_allocs); void SetInitialBlock(void* mem, size_t size); // Delete or Destruct all objects owned by the arena. void CleanupList(); inline bool ShouldRecordAlloc() const { return tag_and_id_ & kRecordAllocs; } inline uint64 LifeCycleId() const { return tag_and_id_ & (-kRecordAllocs - 1); } inline void RecordAlloc(const std::type_info* allocated_type, size_t n) const { AllocPolicy()->metrics_collector->OnAlloc(allocated_type, n); } inline void CacheSerialArena(SerialArena* serial) { thread_cache().last_serial_arena = serial; thread_cache().last_lifecycle_id_seen = LifeCycleId(); // TODO(haberman): evaluate whether we would gain efficiency by getting rid // of hint_. It's the only write we do to ThreadSafeArena in the allocation // path, which will dirty the cache line. hint_.store(serial, std::memory_order_release); } PROTOBUF_NDEBUG_INLINE bool GetSerialArenaFast(uint64 lifecycle_id, SerialArena** arena) { if (GetSerialArenaFromThreadCache(lifecycle_id, arena)) return true; if (lifecycle_id & kRecordAllocs) return false; // Check whether we own the last accessed SerialArena on this arena. This // fast path optimizes the case where a single thread uses multiple arenas. ThreadCache* tc = &thread_cache(); SerialArena* serial = hint_.load(std::memory_order_acquire); if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(serial != NULL && serial->owner() == tc)) { *arena = serial; return true; } return false; } PROTOBUF_NDEBUG_INLINE bool GetSerialArenaFromThreadCache( uint64 lifecycle_id, SerialArena** arena) { // If this thread already owns a block in this arena then try to use that. // This fast path optimizes the case where multiple threads allocate from // the same arena. ThreadCache* tc = &thread_cache(); if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(tc->last_lifecycle_id_seen == lifecycle_id)) { *arena = tc->last_serial_arena; return true; } return false; } SerialArena* GetSerialArenaFallback(void* me); template <typename Functor> void PerSerialArena(Functor fn) { // By omitting an Acquire barrier we ensure that any user code that doesn't // properly synchronize Reset() or the destructor will throw a TSAN warning. SerialArena* serial = threads_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); for (; serial; serial = serial->next()) fn(serial); } // Releases all memory except the first block which it returns. The first // block might be owned by the user and thus need some extra checks before // deleting. SerialArena::Memory Free(size_t* space_allocated); #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(disable : 4324) #endif struct alignas(64) ThreadCache { #if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL) // If we are using the ThreadLocalStorage class to store the ThreadCache, // then the ThreadCache's default constructor has to be responsible for // initializing it. ThreadCache() : next_lifecycle_id(0), last_lifecycle_id_seen(-1), last_serial_arena(NULL) {} #endif // Number of per-thread lifecycle IDs to reserve. Must be power of two. // To reduce contention on a global atomic, each thread reserves a batch of // IDs. The following number is calculated based on a stress test with // ~6500 threads all frequently allocating a new arena. static constexpr size_t kPerThreadIds = 256; // Next lifecycle ID available to this thread. We need to reserve a new // batch, if `next_lifecycle_id & (kPerThreadIds - 1) == 0`. uint64 next_lifecycle_id; // The ThreadCache is considered valid as long as this matches the // lifecycle_id of the arena being used. uint64 last_lifecycle_id_seen; SerialArena* last_serial_arena; }; // Lifecycle_id can be highly contended variable in a situation of lots of // arena creation. Make sure that other global variables are not sharing the // cacheline. #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(disable : 4324) #endif struct alignas(64) CacheAlignedLifecycleIdGenerator { std::atomic<LifecycleIdAtomic> id; }; static CacheAlignedLifecycleIdGenerator lifecycle_id_generator_; #if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL) // Android ndk does not support __thread keyword so we use a custom thread // local storage class we implemented. // iOS also does not support the __thread keyword. static ThreadCache& thread_cache(); #elif defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS) // Thread local variables cannot be exposed through DLL interface but we can // wrap them in static functions. static ThreadCache& thread_cache(); #else static PROTOBUF_THREAD_LOCAL ThreadCache thread_cache_; static ThreadCache& thread_cache() { return thread_cache_; } #endif GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ThreadSafeArena); // All protos have pointers back to the arena hence Arena must have // pointer stability. ThreadSafeArena(ThreadSafeArena&&) = delete; ThreadSafeArena& operator=(ThreadSafeArena&&) = delete; public: // kBlockHeaderSize is sizeof(Block), aligned up to the nearest multiple of 8 // to protect the invariant that pos is always at a multiple of 8. static constexpr size_t kBlockHeaderSize = SerialArena::kBlockHeaderSize; static constexpr size_t kSerialArenaSize = (sizeof(SerialArena) + 7) & static_cast<size_t>(-8); static_assert(kBlockHeaderSize % 8 == 0, "kBlockHeaderSize must be a multiple of 8."); static_assert(kSerialArenaSize % 8 == 0, "kSerialArenaSize must be a multiple of 8."); }; } // namespace internal } // namespace protobuf } // namespace google #include <google/protobuf/port_undef.inc> #endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_IMPL_H__
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