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.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org> .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd April 4, 2013 .Dt GRAID 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm graid .Nd "control utility for software RAID devices" .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Cm label .Op Fl f .Op Fl o Ar fmtopt .Op Fl S Ar size .Op Fl s Ar strip .Ar format .Ar label .Ar level .Ar prov ... .Nm .Cm add .Op Fl f .Op Fl S Ar size .Op Fl s Ar strip .Ar name .Ar label .Ar level .Nm .Cm delete .Op Fl f .Ar name .Op Ar label | Ar num .Nm .Cm insert .Ar name .Ar prov ... .Nm .Cm remove .Ar name .Ar prov ... .Nm .Cm fail .Ar name .Ar prov ... .Nm .Cm stop .Op Fl fv .Ar name ... .Nm .Cm list .Nm .Cm status .Nm .Cm load .Nm .Cm unload .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility is used to manage software RAID configurations, supported by the GEOM RAID class. GEOM RAID class uses on-disk metadata to provide access to software-RAID volumes defined by different RAID BIOSes. Depending on RAID BIOS type and its metadata format, different subsets of configurations and features are supported. To allow booting from RAID volume, the metadata format should match the RAID BIOS type and its capabilities. To guarantee that these match, it is recommended to create volumes via the RAID BIOS interface, while experienced users are free to do it using this utility. .Pp The first argument to .Nm indicates an action to be performed: .Bl -tag -width ".Cm destroy" .It Cm label Create an array with single volume. The .Ar format argument specifies the on-disk metadata format to use for this array, such as "Intel". The .Ar label argument specifies the label of the created volume. The .Ar level argument specifies the RAID level of the created volume, such as: "RAID0", "RAID1", etc. The subsequent list enumerates providers to use as array components. The special name "NONE" can be used to reserve space for absent disks. The order of components can be important, depending on specific RAID level and metadata format. .Pp Additional options include: .Bl -tag -width ".Fl s Ar strip" .It Fl f Enforce specified configuration creation if it is officially unsupported, but technically can be created. .It Fl o Ar fmtopt Specifies metadata format options. .It Fl S Ar size Use .Ar size bytes on each component for this volume. Should be used if several volumes per array are planned, or if smaller components going to be inserted later. Defaults to size of the smallest component. .It Fl s Ar strip Specifies strip size in bytes. Defaults to 131072. .El .It Cm add Create another volume on the existing array. The .Ar name argument is the name of the existing array, reported by label command. The rest of arguments are the same as for the label command. .It Cm delete Delete volume(s) from the existing array. When the last volume is deleted, the array is also deleted and its metadata erased. The .Ar name argument is the name of existing array. Optional .Ar label or .Ar num arguments allow specifying volume for deletion. .Pp Additional options include: .Bl -tag -width ".Fl f" .It Fl f Delete volume(s) even if it is still open. .El .It Cm insert Insert specified provider(s) into specified array instead of the first missing or failed components. If there are no such components, mark disk(s) as spare. .It Cm remove Remove the specified provider(s) from the specified array and erase metadata. If there are spare disks present, the removed disk(s) will be replaced by spares. .It Cm fail Mark the given disks(s) as failed, removing from active use unless absolutely necessary due to exhausted redundancy. If there are spare disks present - failed disk(s) will be replaced with one of them. .It Cm stop Stop the given array. The metadata will not be erased. .Pp Additional options include: .Bl -tag -width ".Fl f" .It Fl f Stop the given array even if some of its volumes are opened. .El .It Cm list See .Xr geom 8 . .It Cm status See .Xr geom 8 . .It Cm load See .Xr geom 8 . .It Cm unload See .Xr geom 8 . .El .Pp Additional options include: .Bl -tag -width ".Fl v" .It Fl v Be more verbose. .El .Sh SUPPORTED METADATA FORMATS The GEOM RAID class follows a modular design, allowing different metadata formats to be used. Support is currently implemented for the following formats: .Bl -tag -width "Intel" .It DDF The format defined by the SNIA Common RAID Disk Data Format v2.0 specification. Used by some Adaptec RAID BIOSes and some hardware RAID controllers. Because of high format flexibility different implementations support different set of features and have different on-disk metadata layouts. To provide compatibility, the GEOM RAID class mimics capabilities of the first detected DDF array. Respecting that, it may support different number of disks per volume, volumes per array, partitions per disk, etc. The following configurations are supported: RAID0 (2+ disks), RAID1 (2+ disks), RAID1E (3+ disks), RAID3 (3+ disks), RAID4 (3+ disks), RAID5 (3+ disks), RAID5E (4+ disks), RAID5EE (4+ disks), RAID5R (3+ disks), RAID6 (4+ disks), RAIDMDF (4+ disks), RAID10 (4+ disks), SINGLE (1 disk), CONCAT (2+ disks). .Pp Format supports two options "BE" and "LE", that mean big-endian byte order defined by specification (default) and little-endian used by some Adaptec controllers. .It Intel The format used by Intel RAID BIOS. Supports up to two volumes per array. Supports configurations: RAID0 (2+ disks), RAID1 (2 disks), RAID5 (3+ disks), RAID10 (4 disks). Configurations not supported by Intel RAID BIOS, but enforceable on your own risk: RAID1 (3+ disks), RAID1E (3+ disks), RAID10 (6+ disks). .It JMicron The format used by JMicron RAID BIOS. Supports one volume per array. Supports configurations: RAID0 (2+ disks), RAID1 (2 disks), RAID10 (4 disks), CONCAT (2+ disks). Configurations not supported by JMicron RAID BIOS, but enforceable on your own risk: RAID1 (3+ disks), RAID1E (3+ disks), RAID10 (6+ disks), RAID5 (3+ disks). .It NVIDIA The format used by NVIDIA MediaShield RAID BIOS. Supports one volume per array. Supports configurations: RAID0 (2+ disks), RAID1 (2 disks), RAID5 (3+ disks), RAID10 (4+ disks), SINGLE (1 disk), CONCAT (2+ disks). Configurations not supported by NVIDIA MediaShield RAID BIOS, but enforceable on your own risk: RAID1 (3+ disks). .It Promise The format used by Promise and AMD/ATI RAID BIOSes. Supports multiple volumes per array. Each disk can be split to be used by up to two arbitrary volumes. Supports configurations: RAID0 (2+ disks), RAID1 (2 disks), RAID5 (3+ disks), RAID10 (4 disks), SINGLE (1 disk), CONCAT (2+ disks). Configurations not supported by RAID BIOSes, but enforceable on your own risk: RAID1 (3+ disks), RAID10 (6+ disks). .It SiI The format used by SiliconImage RAID BIOS. Supports one volume per array. Supports configurations: RAID0 (2+ disks), RAID1 (2 disks), RAID5 (3+ disks), RAID10 (4 disks), SINGLE (1 disk), CONCAT (2+ disks). Configurations not supported by SiliconImage RAID BIOS, but enforceable on your own risk: RAID1 (3+ disks), RAID10 (6+ disks). .El .Sh SUPPORTED RAID LEVELS The GEOM RAID class follows a modular design, allowing different RAID levels to be used. Full support for the following RAID levels is currently implemented: RAID0, RAID1, RAID1E, RAID10, SINGLE, CONCAT. The following RAID levels supported as read-only for volumes in optimal state (without using redundancy): RAID4, RAID5, RAID5E, RAID5EE, RAID5R, RAID6, RAIDMDF. .Sh RAID LEVEL MIGRATION The GEOM RAID class has no support for RAID level migration, allowed by some metadata formats. If you started migration using BIOS or in some other way, make sure to complete it there. Do not run GEOM RAID class on migrating volumes under pain of possible data corruption! .Sh 2TiB BARRIERS NVIDIA metadata format does not support volumes above 2TiB. .Sh SYSCTL VARIABLES The following .Xr sysctl 8 variable can be used to control the behavior of the .Nm RAID GEOM class. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Va kern.geom.raid.aggressive_spare : No 0 Use any disks without metadata connected to controllers of the vendor matching to volume metadata format as spare. Use it with much care to not lose data if connecting unrelated disk! .It Va kern.geom.raid.clean_time : No 5 Mark volume as clean when idle for the specified number of seconds. .It Va kern.geom.raid.debug : No 0 Debug level of the .Nm RAID GEOM class. .It Va kern.geom.raid.enable : No 1 Enable on-disk metadata taste. .It Va kern.geom.raid.idle_threshold : No 1000000 Time in microseconds to consider a volume idle for rebuild purposes. .It Va kern.geom.raid.name_format : No 0 Providers name format: 0 -- raid/r{num}, 1 -- raid/{label}. .It Va kern.geom.raid.read_err_thresh : No 10 Number of read errors equated to disk failure. Write errors are always considered as disk failures. .It Va kern.geom.raid.start_timeout : No 30 Time to wait for missing array components on startup. .It Va kern.geom.raid. Ns Ar X Ns Va .enable : No 1 Enable taste for specific metadata or transformation module. .El .Sh EXIT STATUS Exit status is 0 on success, and non-zero if the command fails. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr geom 4 , .Xr geom 8 , .Xr gvinum 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm utility appeared in .Fx 9.0 . .Sh AUTHORS .An Alexander Motin Aq Mt mav@FreeBSD.org .An M. Warner Losh Aq Mt imp@FreeBSD.org
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