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Editing: install.1
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" From: @(#)install.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd August 12, 2019 .Dt INSTALL 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm install .Nd install binaries .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl bCcpSsUv .Op Fl B Ar suffix .Op Fl D Ar destdir .Op Fl f Ar flags .Op Fl g Ar group .Op Fl h Ar hash .Op Fl l Ar linkflags .Op Fl M Ar metalog .Op Fl m Ar mode .Op Fl N Ar dbdir .Op Fl o Ar owner .Op Fl T Ar tags .Ar file1 file2 .Nm .Op Fl bCcpSsUv .Op Fl B Ar suffix .Op Fl D Ar destdir .Op Fl f Ar flags .Op Fl g Ar group .Op Fl h Ar hash .Op Fl l Ar linkflags .Op Fl M Ar metalog .Op Fl m Ar mode .Op Fl N Ar dbdir .Op Fl o Ar owner .Op Fl T Ar tags .Ar file1 ... fileN directory .Nm .Fl d .Op Fl Uv .Op Fl D Ar destdir .Op Fl g Ar group .Op Fl h Ar hash .Op Fl M Ar metalog .Op Fl m Ar mode .Op Fl N Ar dbdir .Op Fl o Ar owner .Op Fl T Ar tags .Ar directory ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The file(s) are copied (or linked if the .Fl l option is specified) to the target file or directory. If the destination is a directory, then the .Ar file is copied into .Ar directory with its original filename. If the target file already exists, it is either renamed to .Ar file Ns Pa .old if the .Fl b option is given or overwritten if permissions allow. An alternate backup suffix may be specified via the .Fl B option's argument. .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl b Back up any existing files before overwriting them by renaming them to .Ar file Ns Pa .old . See .Fl B for specifying a different backup suffix. .It Fl B Ar suffix Use .Ar suffix as the backup suffix if .Fl b is given. .It Fl C Copy the file. If the target file already exists and the files are the same, then do not change the modification time of the target. If the target's file flags and mode need not to be changed, the target's inode change time is also unchanged. .It Fl c Copy the file. This is actually the default. The .Fl c option is only included for backwards compatibility. .It Fl D Ar destdir Specify the .Ev DESTDIR (top of the file hierarchy) that the items are installed in to. If .Fl M Ar metalog is in use, a leading string of .Dq Ar destdir will be removed from the file names logged to the .Ar metalog . This option does not affect where the actual files are installed. .It Fl d Create directories. Missing parent directories are created as required. .It Fl f Ar flags Specify the target's file flags; see .Xr chflags 1 for a list of possible flags and their meanings. .It Fl g Ar group Specify a group. A numeric GID is allowed. .It Fl h Ar hash When copying, calculate the digest of the files with .Ar hash to store in the .Fl M Ar metalog . When .Fl d is given no hash is emitted. Supported digests: .Bl -tag -width rmd160 -offset indent .It Sy none No hash. This is the default. .It Sy md5 The MD5 cryptographic message digest. .It Sy rmd160 The RMD-160 cryptographic message digest. .It Sy sha1 The SHA-1 cryptographic message digest. .It Sy sha256 The 256-bits SHA-2 cryptographic message digest of the file. .It Sy sha512 The 512-bits SHA-2 cryptographic message digest of the file. .El .It Fl l Ar linkflags Instead of copying the file make a link to the source. The type of the link is determined by the .Ar linkflags argument. Valid .Ar linkflags are: .Ar a (absolute), .Ar r (relative), .Ar h (hard), .Ar s (symbolic), .Ar m (mixed). Absolute and relative have effect only for symbolic links. Mixed links are hard links for files on the same filesystem, symbolic otherwise. .It Fl M Ar metalog Write the metadata associated with each item installed to .Ar metalog in an .Xr mtree 8 .Dq full path specification line. The metadata includes: the file name and file type, and depending upon other options, the owner, group, file flags, modification time, and tags. .It Fl m Ar mode Specify an alternate mode. The default mode is set to rwxr-xr-x (0755). The specified mode may be either an octal or symbolic value; see .Xr chmod 1 for a description of possible mode values. .It Fl N Ar dbdir Use the user database text file .Pa master.passwd and group database text file .Pa group from .Ar dbdir , rather than using the results from the system's .Xr getpwnam 3 and .Xr getgrnam 3 (and related) library calls. .It Fl o Ar owner Specify an owner. A numeric UID is allowed. .It Fl p Preserve the access and modification times. Copy the file, as if the .Fl C (compare and copy) option is specified, except if the target file does not already exist or is different, then preserve the access and modification times of the source file. .It Fl S Safe copy. Normally, .Nm unlinks an existing target before installing the new file. With the .Fl S flag a temporary file is used and then renamed to be the target. The reason this is safer is that if the copy or rename fails, the existing target is left untouched. .It Fl s .Nm exec's the command .Xr strip 1 to strip binaries so that .Nm can be portable over a large number of systems and binary types. See below for how .Nm can be instructed to use another program to strip binaries. .It Fl T Ar tags Specify the .Xr mtree 8 tags to write out for the file when using .Fl M Ar metalog . .It Fl U Indicate that install is running unprivileged, and that it should not try to change the owner, the group, or the file flags of the destination. The information that would have been updated can be stored in a log file with .Fl M Ar metalog . .It Fl v Cause .Nm to be verbose, showing files as they are installed or backed up. .El .Pp By default, .Nm preserves all file flags, with the exception of the .Dq nodump flag. .Pp The .Nm utility attempts to prevent moving a file onto itself. .Pp Installing .Pa /dev/null creates an empty file. .Sh ENVIRONMENT The .Nm utility checks for the presence of the .Ev STRIPBIN environment variable and if present, uses the assigned value as the program to run if and when the .Fl s option has been specified. .Pp If the .Ev DONTSTRIP environment variable is present, .Nm will ignore any specification of the .Fl s option. This is mainly for use in debugging the .Fx Ports Collection. .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width "INS@XXXXXX" -compact .It Pa INS@XXXXXX If either .Fl S option is specified, or the .Fl C or .Fl p option is used in conjunction with the .Fl s option, temporary files named .Pa INS@XXXXXX , where .Pa XXXXXX is decided by .Xr mkstemp 3 , are created in the target directory. .El .Sh EXIT STATUS .Ex -std .Sh COMPATIBILITY Historically .Nm moved files by default. The default was changed to copy in .Fx 4.4 . .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr chflags 1 , .Xr chgrp 1 , .Xr chmod 1 , .Xr cp 1 , .Xr mv 1 , .Xr strip 1 , .Xr mmap 2 , .Xr getgrnam 3 , .Xr getpwnam 3 , .Xr chown 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm utility appeared in .Bx 4.2 . .Sh BUGS The meaning of the .Fl M option has changed as of .Fx 9.2 and it now takes an argument. Command lines that used the old .Fl M will get an error or in rare cases will append logs to the first of multiple source files rather than installing it. .Pp Temporary files may be left in the target directory if .Nm exits abnormally. .Pp File flags cannot be set by .Xr fchflags 2 over a NFS file system. Other file systems do not have a concept of flags. The .Nm utility will only warn when flags could not be set on a file system that does not support them. .Pp The .Nm utility with .Fl v falsely says a file is copied when .Fl C snaps hard links.
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