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ldconfig.8
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ldconfig.h
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Editing: ldconfig.8
.\" .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Paul Kranenburg .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg. .\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd December 31, 2020 .Dt LDCONFIG 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ldconfig .Nd configure the shared library cache .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl 32 .Op Fl elf .Op Fl Rimrsv .Op Fl f Ar hints_file .Op Ar directory | Ar .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility is used to prepare a set of .Dq hints for use by the dynamic linker to facilitate quick lookup of shared libraries available in multiple directories. It scans a set of built-in system directories and any .Ar directories specified on the command line (in the given order) looking for shared libraries and stores the results in a system file to forestall the overhead that would otherwise result from the directory search operations the dynamic linker would have to perform to load the required shared libraries. .Pp Alternatively, .Ar files may be specified; these are expected to contain directories to scan for shared libraries. Each directory's pathname must start on a new line. Blank lines and lines starting with the comment character .Ql \&# are ignored. Filenames must conform to the .Pa lib*.so.[0-9] pattern in order to be added to the hints file. .Pp For security reasons, directories which are world or group-writable or which are not owned by root produce warning messages and are skipped, unless the .Fl i option is present. .Pp The shared libraries which are found will be automatically available for loading if needed by the program being prepared for execution. This obviates the need for storing search paths within the executable. .Pp The .Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable can be used to override the use of directories (or the order thereof) from the cache or to specify additional directories where shared libraries might be found. .Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH is a .Sq \&: separated list of directory paths which are searched by the dynamic linker when it needs to load a shared library. It can be viewed as the run-time equivalent of the .Fl L switch of .Xr ld 1 . .Pp The .Nm utility is typically run as part of the boot sequence. .Pp The following options are recognized by .Nm : .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl 32 Generate the hints for 32-bit ABI shared libraries on 64-bit systems that support running 32-bit binaries. .It Fl elf Ignored for backwards compatibility. .It Fl R Rescan the previously configured directories. This opens the previous hints file and fetches the directory list from the header. Any additional pathnames on the command line are also processed. This is the default action when no parameters are given. .It Fl f Ar hints_file Read and/or update the specified hints file, instead of the standard file. This option is provided primarily for testing. .It Fl i Run in insecure mode. The security checks will not be performed. .It Fl m Instead of replacing the contents of the hints file with those found in the directories specified, .Dq merge in new entries. Directories recorded in the hints file by previous runs of .Nm are also rescanned for new shared libraries. .It Fl r List the current contents of the hints file on the standard output. The hints file is not modified. The list of directories stored in the hints file is included. .It Fl s Do not scan the built-in system directory .Pq Dq /usr/lib for shared libraries. .It Fl v Switch on verbose mode. .El .Sh SECURITY Special care must be taken when loading shared libraries into the address space of .Ev set-user-Id programs. Whenever such a program is run by any user except the owner of the program, the dynamic linker will only load shared libraries from the hints file. In particular, the .Ev LD_LIBRARY_PATH is not used to search for libraries. Thus, the role of .Nm is dual. In addition to building a set of hints for quick lookup, it also serves to specify the trusted collection of directories from which shared objects can be safely loaded. .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /var/run/ld-elf.so.hintsxxx -compact .It Pa /var/run/ld.so.hints Standard hints file for the a.out dynamic linker. .It Pa /var/run/ld-elf.so.hints Standard hints file for the ELF dynamic linker. .It Pa /etc/ld.so.conf Conventional configuration file containing directory names for invocations with .Fl aout . .It Pa /etc/ld-elf.so.conf Conventional configuration file containing directory names for invocations with .Fl elf . .It Pa /var/run/ld-elf32.so.hints .It Pa /var/run/ld32.so.hints Conventional configuration files containing directory names for invocations with .Fl 32 . .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr ld 1 , .Xr link 5 .Sh HISTORY A .Nm utility first appeared in SunOS 4.0, it appeared in its current form in .Fx 1.1 . .Sh BUGS Some security checks (for example, verifying root ownership of added directories) are not performed when .Fl aout is specified.
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